Contents of the Book
CHAPTER 1 – Depression is Expensive
1.1 The Silent Embezzler
1.2 The Silent Embezzler in the Workplace
1.3 A Series of Catch-22s
1.4 The Cost of Depression to Your Company
1.4.1 Direct Costs
1.4.2 Indirect Costs
1.4.3 The Depression Calculator
1.5 Is There a Solution?
Chapter 1 Summary
CHAPTER 2 – Workplace Depression is On The Rise
2.1 Depression Among Professionals
2.2 Reason 1: Stress Levels Have Increased
2.3 Reason 2: Workplace Stress has Increased
2.3.1 Insufficient Wages
2.3.2 Increased Demands
2.3.3 Job Insecurity
2.3.4 Powerlessness and Less Control
2.3.5 Lack of Good Leadership
2.3.6 Lack of Social Support from Colleagues
2.3.7 Hazardous Work Environment
2.3.8 Workplace Bullying
2.3.9 Death of a Co-worker
2.3.10 Traumatic Events on the Job
2.3.11 Lack of Down Time
2.4 Reason 3: More People Being Treated
2.4.1 Psycheducation
2.4.2 Destigmatization
2.4.3 Expanded Insurance Coverage
2.4.4 Employee Assistance Programs
2.5 Reason 4: More Effective Treatments
2.6 Reason 5: Expanded Job Protections
Chapter 2 Summary
CHAPTER 3 – What is Depression?
3.1 Normal Mood Swings or Normal Depression
3.2 Clinical Depression
3.3 The Nine Main Symptoms of Depression
3.4 The Features of Depression at Work
3.5 Distinguishing Depressive Conditions
3.5.1 Non-melancholic Depression
3.5.2 Melancholic Depression
3.5.3 Psychotic Melancholia
3.6 Bipolar Disorder
3.7 The Features of Bipolar Disorder at Work
Chapter 3 Summary
CHAPTER 4 – Who Is At Risk?
4.1 Who Is At Risk For Depression?
4.2 The Incidence and Prevalence of Depression
4.3 Gender and Cultural Differences
4.3.1 Gender
4.3.1.1 The Male Experience
4.3.1.2 The Female Experience
4.3.2 Race and Ethnicity
Chapter 4 Summary
CHAPTER 5 – What Causes Depression?
5.1 Biology and Genetics
5.1.1 Genetics
5.1.2 Brain Chemicals: Neurotransmitters
5.1.3 Stress Hormone: Cortisol
5.1.4 Relevant Brain Structures
5.1.5 Complications of Other Medical Conditions
5.1.6 Depression and Immune Dysfunction
5.2 History and Upbringing
5.3 Personality and Temperament
5.3.1 Dependency on the Symbols of Success
5.3.2 Negative Thinking
5.3.3 Lack of Coping Skills and Resilience
5.4 External Situations and Circumstances
5.4.1 Psychological Stressors
5.4.2 Traumatic Events
5.4.3 Depression Often Co-occurs with Other Psychological Disorders
5.5 Social Relationships
5.5.1 Bereavement and Loss
5.5.2 Breakdown of Support Networks
5.5.3 The Role of Parenting
Chapter 5 Summary
CHAPTER 6 – How is Depression Treated?
6.1 Impact of Culture, Age, Gender and Race
6.1.1 Treating Different Cultures and Races
6.1.2 Treating Men Versus Treating Women
6.1.3 Treating Adolescents
6.1.4 Treating Seniors 125
6.2 Pharmacological Treatments
6.3 Psychosocial Therapies
6.3.1 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
6.3.2 Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT)
6.3.3 Social Treatments and Psycho-education
6.4 Institutionalization
6.5 Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
6.6 Extensions to Therapy
6.6.1 Exercise
6.6.2 Nutrition
6.7 Alternative Therapies
Chapter 6 Summary
CHAPTER 7 – Recognizing Depression in the Workplace
7.1 What Should You Be On The Lookout For?
7.1.1 Two Common Assessment Mistakes
7.2 Deciding to Step In: Should You Intervene?
7.2.1 Red Flags
7.2.2 Suicide Risk Assessment
7.3 Depression Screenings
7.4 The Legal Ramifications of Intervention
7.4.1 Legal Issues to Consider
7.4.1.1 Substantial Limitation
7.4.1.2 The Role of Medication in Substantial Limitation
7.4.1.3 Are Job Applicants Required to Disclose Psychiatric History and Disabilities?
7.4.1.4 Can an Employer Require a Medical or Psychiatric Examination of an Employee?
7.4.1.5 When Do Problems with Others Amount to a Substantial Limitation?
7.4.1.6 Inquiries from Co-workers
Chapter 7 Summary
CHAPTER 8 – Be Preventive and Proactive:
Set the Culture for Managing a Depressed Employee
8.1 Laying the Foundation: The Keys to Effective Depression Management
8.1.1 What Are the Obstacles to Effective Depression Management?
8.1.2 Building a Depression Management
Plan – Where Do You Start?
8.2 Learn From Others 183
Chapter 8 Summary
CHAPTER 9 – GRO-DOH: A Comprehensive Model for Manager Intervention
9.1 Preparing for a Discussion about the Issue
9.2 Having a GRO-DOH Conversation
9.3 What Are the Advantages of the GRO-DOH Model?
Chapter 9 Summary
CHAPTER 10 – The Non-Compliant Employee
10.1 Depression Denial
10.2 Medication Non-compliance
10.3 Psychotherapy Non-compliance
10.4 Compliance Reduces Risks for Employers
10.5 What Behavior Constitutes Non-compliance?
Chapter 10 Summary
CHAPTER 11 – Working With a Depressed Co-worker
11.1 Basic Tactics
11.2 How Can You Help the Depressed Co-worker?
11.2.1 Be An Ally, Not An Enemy
11.2.2 Reaching Out
11.2.3 Offering Feedback
11.2.4 Offering to Help
11.3 What Support Is Not Helpful?
11.4 Communicating with a Supervisor
11.5 How Can Employers Provide Support?
11.5.1 Provide Support to At-risk Employees
11.5.2 Designate Mentor-Coworkers
Chapter 11 Summary
CHAPTER 12 – Trouble at the Top: What To Do When Your Supervisor is Depressed
12.1 The Boss is Depressed
12.2 What’s the Solution?
12.3 Employee Tips for Handling the Depressed Boss
12.3.1 Determine the Cause
12.3.2 Examine Your Own Behavior
12.3.3 Communicate Effectively
12.3.4 Consult a Professional if Necessary
Chapter 12 Summary
CHAPTER 13 – The Breakdown: Managing a Personal Crisis in the Workplace
13.1 Crisis Time
13.2 Critical Incident Management Strategy
13.3 Co-worker Response
13.3.1 Accept Responsibility
13.3.2 Provide Assistance
13.3.3 Be Attentive and Listen
13.3.4 Take Some Action
13.3.5 Follow-up
13.4 A Depressed Co-worker Becomes Violent in the Workplace
Chapter 13 Summary
CHAPTER 14 – Consequences of Not Intervening
14.1 Untreated Depression Can Have a Devastating Impact
14.2 Why Do Some Employers Resist Establishing Intervention Programs?
Chapter 14 Summary
REFERENCES
APPENDICES
A: Clinical Criteria for Major Depressive Episode
B: Clinical Criteria for Manic Episode
C: Anti-depressant Drugs Currently Available
D: Further Information
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